1. Diehl P., Khetrapal C.L., NMR Studies of Molecules Oriented in the Nematic Phase of Liquid Crystals. NMR: Basic Princ. Progr., eds. P.Diehl, E.Fluck, and R.Kosfeld, Springer, Berlin, 1969, 1, 1-95.
   
2. Bulthuis J., NMR in Liquid Crystalline Solvents: Complications in Determining Molecular Geometries. Internal Scholarly Book Services, Portland.Orc, 1974.
3. Emsley J.W., Lindon J.C., NMR Spectroscopy Using Liquid Crystal Solvents. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1975, p.367.
4. Khetrapal J.C., Kunwar A.C., Trasey A.S., Diehl P., NMR Studies in Liophases. NMR: Basic Principles and Progress, eds. P.Diehl, E.Fluck, and R.Kosfeld, Springer, Berlin, 1975, 9, 1.
5. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Liquid Crystals. ed. Emsley J.W., NATO Advanced Study Institute, ser.C, v.141. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland, 1985. (23 review, see contents)
6. Dong R.Y., NMR of Liquid Crystals. Springer, New York, 1994, 260pp.
7. NMR of Ordered Liquids. eds. E.E.Burnell, and C.A.de Lange. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2003, 455pp. (19 review, see contents)

Review in books

1. P.Diehl, H.Kellerhals, E.Lustig. Computer assistance in the analysis of high resolution NMR spectra. in "NMR Basic Principles and Progress", eds. P.Diehl, E.Fluck, and R.Kosfeld, Springer, Berlin, 1972, vol.6,
2. C.L.Khetrapal, A.C.Kunwar, A.S.Tracey, P.Diehl. NMR Studies in Lyophases. in "NMR Basic Principles and Progress", eds. P.Diehl, E.Fluck, and R.Kosfeld, Springer, Berlin, 1975, vol. 9, 1-
3. Lunazzi L., Molecular Structures by NMR in Liquid Crystals. Determination of organic structure by physical methods. Eds. F.C.Nashod, J.J.Zuckerman and E.W.Randall, Academic Press, New York, 1976, vol.6, 335-413.
4. Wade C.G., NMR relaxation in thermotropic liquid crystals. Annual Rev.Phys.Chem., Palo Alto, Calif., 1977, vol.28, 47-73.
5. Khetrapal C.L., Kunwar A.C., NMR studies of molecules oriented in thermotropic liquid crystals. in Adv.Magn.Reson., 1977, 9, 301-427.
6. Schumann C., NMR and ESR studies. in "Handbook of Liquid Crystals" (H.Kelker and R.Hatz, Eds.). Verlag Chemie, Wienneim, 1980, chap.10, 428-
7. Khetrapal C.L., Kunwar A.C., NMR Spectroscopy of Molecules Oriented in Liquid Crystalline Solvents. in Adv.Liq.Cryst., 1983, vol.6, 173-242.
8. Chachaty C., Quaegebur J.P., Perly B., NMR and Molecular motions in lyotropic liquid crystals. in "Struct.Dyn.Mol.Syst.", ed. R.Damdel, Reidel, Dordrecth, 1985, 187-201.
9. Diehl P. Jokisaari J., NMR studies in liquid crystals: Determination of solute molecular geometry. in "NMR in Stereochemical Analysis", eds. Y.Takeuchi and A.P.Marchand, VCH Publishers, Deerfield Beach, FL, Methods in Stereochemical Analysis. 1986, vol. 6, 41-73.
10. Lindman B., Soderman O., Wennerstrom H., in "NMR studies of Surfactant Systems", ed. R.Zann, New York, 1987, 295-357.
11. Khetrapal C.L., Recent advances and future directions of NMR of oriented molecules. in Magnetic Resonance: Current Trends. Narosa Publ.House, New Delhi, India, 1991, 42-51.
12. Diehl P., NMR Spectroscopy and Accurate Molecular Geometry. in Int.Union Crystallogr. Monogr.Crystallog., 1992, 1, 229-321.
13. Lindblom G.,  in "NMR Spectroscopy in Lipid Phase Behavior and Lipid Diffusion", ed. W.W.Christie, Dundy, 1996, 133-209.
14. Encyclopedia of NMR. 8-Volume Set Published by John Wiley and Sons. Ed.: D.M.Grant and R.K.Harris, 1996, Section ed. - J.W.Emsley, (More than 29 articles concerned aligned molecules).
15. Tolman J.R., Al-Hashimi H.M., NMR Studies of Biomolecular Dynamics and Structural Plasticity Using Residual Dipolar Couplings. in "Annual Reports on .NMR Spectroscopy", Elsevier, 2003, vol.51, 106-166.
16. Dong R.Y., Advances in NMR Studies of Liquid Crystals. n "Annual Reports on .NMR Spectroscopy", Elsevier, 2004, vol.53, 68-157.

1. Meiboom S., Hewitt R.C., Snyder L.C., Developments in NMR in liquid crystalline solvents. Pure Appl.Chem., 1972, 32, 1-4, 251-261.
2. Buckingham A.D., Molecular structure determination by NMR spectroscopy. Pure Appl.Chem., 1974, 40, 1, 1-11.
3. Blinc R., Spin-lattice relaxation in nematics via the modulation of the intramolecular dipolar interactions by order fluctuations. NMR Basic Princ.Progr., 1976, 13, 97-111
4. Lunazzi L., Molecular structures and conformations by NMR spectroscopy in liquid crystals. J.Mol.Struct., 1978, 46, 421-429.
5. Khetrapal C.L., Application of NMR of oriented systems in biochemistry and biophysics. Int.J.Quant.Chem., 1981, 20, 485-494.
6. Khetrapal C.L., NMR spectroscopy of oriented molecules and its application to Inorganic chemistry. J.Indian Chem.Soc., 1982, 59, 2, 164-169.
7. Lounila J., Jokisaari J., Anisotropies in spin-spin coupling constants and chemical shifts as determined from the NMR spectra of molecules oriented by liquid crystal solvents. Progress in NMR Spectr., 1982, 15, 250-290.
8. Israel J.Chem., 1983, 23, issue 3,named Magnetic Resonance in liquid crystals. ed. Z.Luz, (include 18 review).
9. Liq.Cryst., 1988, v.3, 6/7, 663-956, (Special issue, including 26 review).
10. Khetrapal C.L., Becker E.D., NMR of oriented molecules. Magn.Reson.Rev., 1991, 16, 35-56 (91 ref.).
11. Jokisaari J., NMR of Noble gases dissoolved in isotropic and anisotropic liquids. Progress NMR Spectrosc., 1994, 26, 1, 1-26
12. Courtieu J., Bayle J.P., Fung B.-M., Variable angle sample spinning NMR in liquid crystals. Progress NMR Spectrosc., 1994, 26, 2, 141-169.
13. Blinc R., The impact of NMR of the field of liquid crystals. Liq.Cryst., 1999, 26, 9, 1295-1300.
14. Yan J., Zartler E.R., Application of residual dipolar couplings in organic compounds. Magn.Reson.Chem., 2005, 43, 1, 53-64
15. Dvinskikh S.V., Sandstrom D., Zimmermann H., Maliniak A., Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy to columnar liquid crystals. Progress NMR Spectrosc., 2006, 48, 85-107.
16. Domenici V., Geppi M., Veracini C.A., NMR in chiral and achiral smectic phases: Structure, orientational order and dynamics. Progress NMR Spectrosc., 2007, 50, 1-50.
17. Thiele C.M., Use of RDCs in rigid organic compounds and some practical considerations concerning alignment media. Concepts Magn.Reson.A, 2007, 30, 2, 65-80.

Review in journals (biomolecules)

1. Khetrapal C.L. Application of NMR of oriented systems in biochemistry and biophysics. Int.J.Quant.Chem., 1981, 20, 485-494.
2. Marassi F.M., Opella S.J., NMR structural studies of membrane proteins. Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol., 1998, 8, 640-648.
3. Prestegard J.H., New techniques in structural NMR - Anisotropic interactions, Nature Struct.Biol., NMR Suppl., 1998, 5, 517-522.
4. Mollova E.T, Pardi A., NMR solution structure determination of RNAs. Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol., 2000, 10, 298-302.
5. Arora A., Tamm L.K., Biophysical approaches to membrane protein structure determination. Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol., 2001, 11, 540-547.
6. Bax A., Kontaxis G., Tjandra N., Dipolar couplings in macromolecular structure determination, Meth.Enzymol, 2001, 339, 127-174
7. Brunner E., The use of residual dipolar couplings in protein NMR. Concepts Magn.Reson., 2001, 13, 238-259.
8. Tolman J.R., Dipolar couplings as a probe of molecular dynamics and structure in solution. Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol., 2001, 11, 532-539.
9. Zidek L., Stefl R., Sklenar V., NMR methodology for the study of nucleic acids. Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol., 2001, 11, 275-281.
10. Al-Hashimi H.M., Patel D.J., Residual dipolar couplings: Synergy between NMR and structural genomics. .J.Biomol.NMR, 2002, 22, 1, 1-8.
11. Clore G.M., Schwieters C.D., Theoretical and computational advances in biomolecular NMR spectroscopy. Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol., 2002, 12, 146-153.
12. Gronenborn A.M., The importance of being ordered: improving NMR structures using residual dipolar couplings. C.R.Biologies, 2002, 325, 957-966.
13. MacDonald D., Lu P., Residual dipolar couplings in nucleic acid structure determination. Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol., 2002, 12, 3, 337-343.
14. Shahkhatuni A.A., Shahkhatuni A.G., Determination of the three-dimensional structure for weakly aligned biomolecules by NMR spectroscopy. Rus.Chem.Rev., 2002, 71, 12, 1005-1040.
15. Bax A., Weak alignment offers new NMR opportunities to study protein structure and dynamics. Protein Sci., 2003, 12, 1, 1-16.
16. Annila A., Permi P., Weakly aligned biological macromolecules in dilute aqueous liquid crystals. Concepts in Magn.Reson., 2004, 23A, 1, 22-37.
17. de Alba E., Tjandra N., Residual dipolar couplings in protein structure determination. Methods Mol.Biol., 2004, 278, 89-106.
18. Lipsitz R.S., Tjandra N., Residual dipolar couplings in NMR structure analysis, Annu.Rev.Biophys.Biomol.Struct., 2004, 33, 387-413.
19. Opella S.J., Marassi F., Structure determination of membrane proteins by NMR spectroscopy. Chem.Rev., 2004, 104, 3587-3606.
20. Prestegard J.H., Bougault C.M., Kishore A.I., Residual dipolar couplings in structure determination of biomolecules. Chem.Rev., 2004, 104, 8, 3519-3540.
21. Bax A., Grishaev A., Weak alignment NMR: a hawk-eyed view of biomolecular structure. Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol., 2005, 15, 563-570.
22. Blackledge M., Recent progress in the study of biomolecular structure and dynamics in solution from RDCs. Progr.NMR Spectr., 2005, 46, 1, 23-61
23. De Angelis A.A., Jones D.H., Grant C.V., Park S.H., Mesleh M.F., Opella S.J., NMR experiments on aligned samples of membrane proteins. Methods in Enzym., 2005, 394, 350-382.
24. Prestegard J.H., Mayer K.L., Valafar H., Benison G.C., Determination of protein backbone structures from RDCs. Methods in Enzym., 2005, 394, 175-209.
25. Tamm L.K., Liang B., NMR of membrane proteins in solution. Progr.NMR Spectr., 2006, 48, 4, 201-210.
26. Tolman J.R., Ruan K., NMR residual dipolar couplings as probes of biomolecular dynamics. Chem.Rev., 2006, 106, 1720-1736.
27. Tate S., Anisotropic nuclear spin interactions for the morphology analysis of proteins in solution by NMR spectroscopy. Anal.Sci., 2008, 24, 39-50.

1. Diehl P., Henrichs P.M., Oriented molecules. 1972, vol.1, 321-332 (July 1969 - May 1971, 84 ref.).
2. Diehl P., Niederberger W., Oriented molecules. 1974, vol.3, 368-377 (June 1971 - May 1973, 91 ref.).
3. Diehl P., Oriented molecules.1976, vol.5, 314-324 (June 1973 - June 1975, 108 ref.).
4. Khetrapal C.L., Kunwar A.C., Oriented molecules. 1979, vol.8, 304-323 (June 1975 - May 1978, ).
5. Khetrapal C.L., Kunwar A.C., Oriented molecules. 1980, vol.9, 245-255 (June 1978 - May 1979, 101 ref.).
6. Khetrapal C.L., Kunwar A.C., Oriented molecules. 1982, vol.11, 248-263 (June 1979 - May 1981, 154 ref.).
7. Khetrapal C.L., Oriented molecules. 1984, vol.13, 298-317 (June 1981 - May 1983, 158 ref.).
8. Khetrapal C.L., Ramanathan K.V., Oriented molecules. 1986, vol.15, 346-373 (June 1983 - May 1985, 214 ref.).
9. Khetrapal C.L., Arun Kumar B.S., Raghothama S., Oriented molecules. 1988, vol.17, 359-386 (June 1985 - May 1987, 178 ref.).
10. Khetrapal C.L., Ramanathan K.V., Kunwar A.C., Oriented molecules. 1990, vol. 19, (June 1987 - May 1989, 191 ref.).
11. Khetrapal C.L., Ramanathan K.V., Oriented molecules. 1992, vol.21, 455-484 (June 1989 - May 1991, 213 ref.).
12. Khetrapal C.L., Ramanathan K.V., Oriented molecules. 1994, vol.23, 439-463 (June 1991 - May 1993, 158 ref.).
13. Khetrapal C.L., Ramanathan K.V., Oriented molecules. 1996, vol.25, 455-479 (June 1993 - May 1995, 150 ref.).
14. Khetrapal C.L., Ramanathan K.V., Oriented molecules. 1998, vol.27, 458-484 (June 1995 - May 1997, 175 ref.).
15. Khetrapal C.L., Ramanathan K.V., Nagana Gowda G.A., Oriented molecules. 2000, vol.29, 534-563 (June 1997 - May 1999, 184 ref.).
16. Khetrapal C.L., Nagana Gowda G.A., Ramanathan K.V., Oriented molecules. 2002, vol.31, 534-563 (June 1999 - May 2001, 231 ref.).
17. Ramanathan K.V., Nagana Gowda G.A., Khetrapal C.L., Oriented molecules. 2004, vol.33, 497-530 (June 2001 - May 2003, 267 ref.)
18. Ramanathan K.V., Nagana Gowda G.A., Khetrapal C.L., Oriented molecules. 2006, vol.35, 486-532 (June 2003 - May 2005, 271 ref.)

1. Tiddy G.J.T., Liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 1975, vol.4, 233-252 (June 1973 - May 1974, 97 ref.).
2. Tiddy G.J.T., Liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 1977, vol.6, 207-232 (June 1974 - May 1976, 229 ref.).
3. Tiddy G.J.T., Liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 1979, vol.8, 174-199 (June 1976 - May 1978, 256 ref.).
4. Tiddy G.J.T., NMR of liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 1981, vol.10, 267-294 (June 1978 - May 1980, 287 ref.).
5. Soderman O., Lindman B., Stilbs P., NMR of liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 1983, vol.12, 302-338 (June 1980 - May 1982, 395 ref.).
6. Soderman O., NMR of liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 1985, vol.14, 350-383 (June 1982 - May 1984, 371 ref.).
7. Khan A., NMR of liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 1987, vol.16, 414-453 (June 1984 - May 1986, 471 ref.).
8. Khan A., NMR of liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 1989, vol.18, 408-448 (June 1986 - May 1988, 438 ref.).
9. Khan A., NMR of liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 1991, vol.20, 497-540 (June 1988 - May 1990, 393 ref.).
10. Khan A., NMR of liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 1993, vol.22, 498-540 (June 1990 - May 1992, 381 ref.).
11. Khan A., NMR of liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 1995, vol.24, 514-545 (June 1992 - May 1994, 325 ref.).
12. Khan A., Caria A., NMR of liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 1997, vol.26, 500-533 (June 1994 - May 1996, 294 ref.).
13. Khan A., NMR of liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 1999, vol.28, 522-555 (June 1996 - May 1998, 295 ref.).
14. Khan A., NMR of liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 2001, vol.30, 527-559 (June 1998 - May 2000, 250 ref.).
15. Monduzzi M., NMR of liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 2003, vol.32, 520-558 (June 2000 - May 2002, 388 ref.).
16. Monduzzi M., NMR of liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 2004, vol.33, 531-561 (June 2002 - May 2003, 188 ref.)
17. Monduzzi M., NMR of liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 2005, vol.34, 523-552 (June 2003 - May 2004, 213 ref.)
18. Monduzzi M., Murgia S., NMR of liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 2006, vol.35, 533-561 (June 2004 - May 2005, 220 ref.)
19. Monduzzi M., Murgia S., NMR of liquid crystals and micellar solutions. 2007, vol.36, 397-418 (June 2005 - May 2006, 201 ref.)

• Amphiphilic Liquid Crystalline Samples: Nuclear Spin Relaxation. B.Halle, v. 2, 790-797
• Analysis of Spectra: Automatic Methods. D.S.Stephenson, v. 2, 816-821
• Anisotropy of Shielding & Coupling in Liquid Crystalline Solutions. J.Jokisaari, v. 2, 839-848
• Bilayer Membranes: Deuterium & Carbon-13 NMR. M.F.Brown, S.I.Chan, v. 2, 871-885
• Bilayer Membranes: Proton & Fluorine-19 NMR. R.J.Pace, v. 2, 885-895
• Deuteron Relaxation Rates in Liquid Crystalline Samples: Experimental Methods. G.L.Hoatson, R.L.Vold, v. 3, 1582-1592
• Dynamic NMR in Liquid Crystalline Solvents. R.Poupko, Z.Luz, v. 3, 1783-1797
• Liquid Crystalline Samples: Carbon-13 NMR. B.M.Fung, v. 4, 2744-2751
• Liquid Crystalline Samples: Deuterium NMR. R.Y.Dong, v. 4, 2752-2759
• Liquid Crystalline Samples: Diffusion. G.Lindblom, G.Oradd, v. 4, 2760-2768
• Liquid Crystalline Samples: Relaxation Mechanisms. P.L.Nordio, A.Ferrarini, v. 4, 2768-2774
• Liquid Crystalline Samples: Spectral Analysis, M.Longeri, G.Celebre, v. 4, 2774-2781
• Liquid Crystalline Samples: Structure of Nonrigid Molecules. J.W.Emsley, v. 4, 2781-2787
• Liquid Crystals: General Considerations. J.W.Emsley, v. 4, 2788-2799
• Liquid Crystals: Mixed Magnetic Susceptibility Solvents. C.L.Khetrapal, v. 4, 2800-2805
• Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Samples. A.S.Tracey, v. 5, 2883-2890
• Membranes: Carbon-13 NMR. F.Separovic, B.A.Cornell, v. 5, 3003-3015
• Membranes: Deuterium NMR. J.H.Davis, v. 5, 3008-3015
• Membranes: Phosphorus-31 NMR. P.L.Yeagle, v. 5, 3015-3022
• Multiple Quantum Spectroscopy in Liquid Crystalline Solvents. L.D.Field, v. 5, 3172-3181
• Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals. J.W.Doane, G.P.Crawford, v. 6, 3663-3668
• Spinning Liquid Cristalline Samples. J.Courtieu, v. 7, 4545-4552
• Structure of Rigid Molecules Dissolved in Liquid Crystalline Solvents. P.Diehl, v. 7, 4591-4602
• Two-Dimensional NMR of Molecules Oriented in Liquid Crystalline phases. A.Kumar, v. 8, 4857-4866
• Local Field Experiments in Liquid Crystals. S.Caldarelli, v. 9, 291-298
• Liquid Crystalline Samples: Application to Macromolecular Structure Determination. A.Bax, J.J.Chou, B.E.Ramirez, v. 9, 401-412
• Saccharide-Protein Interactions. J.H.Prestegard, N.U.Jain, S.B.Laveri, v. 9, 441-448
• Chiral Liquid Crystal NMR: A Tool for Enantiomeric Crystals. J.Courtieu, P.Lesot, A.Meddour, D.Merlet, C.Aroulanda, v. 9, 497-505
• Chiral Smectic Phases: NMR Studies. C.A.Veracini, M.Geppi, v. 9, 506-513

Last Update: April 22th, 2007
By: Alexan Shahkhatuni (alexsh@msrc.am)